A Network Perspective for Community Assembly 
Ponisio et al., 2019

Species interactions are responsible for many key mechanisms that govern the dynamics of ecological communities. Variation in the way interactions are organized among species results in different network structures, which translates into a community's ability to resist collapse and change. To better understand the factors involved in dictating ongoing dynamics in a community at a given time, we must unravel how interactions affect the assembly process. Here, we build a novel, integrative conceptual model for understanding how ecological communities assemble that combines ecological networks and island biogeography theory, as well as the principles of niche theory. Through our conceptual model, we show how the rate of species turnover and gene flow within communities will influence the structure of ecological networks. We conduct a preliminary test of our predictions using plant-herbivore networks from differently-aged sites in the Hawaiian archipelago. Our approach will allow future modeling and empirical studies to develop a better understanding of the role of the assembly process in shaping patterns of biodiversity.

Conceptual figure illustrating the interplay of interaction niche overlap and interaction niche breadth in determining the arrangement of interactions in a community, and specifically nestedness and modularity (A–F). In the accompanying network figures, white circles represent one trophic level (e.g., pollinators) and dark squares represent the other trophic level (e.g., plants). Each color represents a species. Within our review, we could not find evidence of communities exhibiting a structure as depicted in (F).

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