Influence of plant domestication on plant-pollinator interactions: Floral attributes and floral visitor communities in wild and cultivated squash plants 

Glasser et al., 2023

Premise

Domestication of plant species results in phenotypic modifications and changes in biotic interactions. Most studies have compared antagonistic plant-herbivore interactions of domesticated plants and their wild relatives, but little attention has been given to how domestication influences plant-pollinator interactions. Floral attributes and interactions of floral visitors were compared between sister taxa of the genus Cucurbita(Cucurbitaceae), the domesticated C. moschata, C. argyrosperma ssp. argyrosperma and its wild progenitor C. argyrosperma ssp. sororia in the place of origin.

Methods

We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to compare floral morphological traits and analyzed floral reward (nectar and pollen) quantity and quality between flowers of wild and domesticated Cucurbita taxa. Staminate and pistillate flowers of all three taxa were video recorded, and visitation and behavior of floral visitors were registered and analyzed.

Results

Most floral morphological characteristics of flowers of domesticated taxa were larger in both staminate and pistillate flowers. Staminate and pistillate flowers presented distinct correlations between floral traits and integration indices between domesticated and wild species. Additionally, pollen quantity and protein to lipid ratio were greater in domesticated species. Cucurbit pollen specialists, Eucera spp., had the highest probability of visit for all Cucurbita taxa.

Conclusions

We provide evidence that floral traits of domesticated and wild Cucurbita species experienced different selection pressures. Domesticated Cucurbita species may have more resources invested towards floral traits, thereby increasing attractiveness to pollinators and potentially plant reproductive success. Wild ancestor plant populations should be conserved in their centers of origin to preserve plant-pollinator interactions.

https://n9.cl/33j0x

 

 

 

 

La filosofía natural [la Naturaleza] está escrita en ese libro enorme que tenemos continuamente abierto de­lante de nuestros ojos (hablo del universo), pero que no puede entenderse si no apren­demos primero a comprender la lengua y a conocer los caracteres con que se ha escrito. Está es­cri­to en lengua matemática, y los caracteres son triángulos, círculos y otras figuras geo­mé­tricas sin los cua­les es humanamente imposible entender una palabra; sin ellos se deam­bula en vano por un laberinto oscuro.

Natural philosophy [Nature] is written in this grand book — I mean the Universe — which stands continually open to our gaze, but it cannot be understood unless one first learns to comprehend the language and interpret the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometrical figures, without which it is humanly impossible to understand a single word of it; without these, one is wandering around in a dark labyrinth.

Galileo Galilei. 1618. Il Saggiatore

This map shows the world's croplands. Turns out, a lot of food is produced in a small number of countries.   

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Charles Fréger collected folkloric monsters from Japan: 

Those who dance in hope of a bountiful harvest; those who come down from the mountains to encourage a productive new year; those who comfort the souls of children who have died in famines.

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Balance, Criticality, Antifragility, and The Philosophy of Complex Systems

Carlos Gershenson