Zymoseptoria tritici growing on the surface of a wheat lea.

Via: @wheatpath
 

Géopolitique du blé. 

Un produit vital pour la sécurité mondiale

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Ce qui est simple est toujours faux. Ce qui ne l'est pas est inutilisable.   

Paul Valéry. 1942. Mauvaises pensées et autres. 

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A cornucopia of color

Via: @nomacph

Coexistence in diverse communities with higher-order interactions    

Gibbs et al., preprint.

A central assumption in most ecological models is that the interactions in a community operate only between pairs of species. However, the interaction between two species may be fundamentally changed by the presence of others. Although interactions among three or more species, called higher-order interactions, have the potential to modify our theoretical understanding of coexistence, ecologists lack clear expectations for how these interactions shape community structure. Here, we analytically predict and numerically confirm how the variability and strength of higher-order interactions affect species coexistence. We found that, as higher-order interaction strengths become more variable across species, fewer species coexist, echoing the behavior of pairwise models. If inter-specific higher-order interactions become too harmful relative to self-regulation, coexistence was destabilized, but coexistence was also lost when these interactions were too weak and mutualistic effects became prevalent. Last, we showed that more species rich communities structured by higher-order interactions lose species more readily than their species poor counterparts, generalizing classic results for community stability. Our work provides needed theoretical expectation for how higher-order interactions impact species coexistence in diverse communities.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.483022v1

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On Naval Timber and Arboriculture

Patrick Matthew

Published in 1831, it is noted for parts of it appendices in which Matthew discusses natural selection, 28 years prior to Charles Darwin's publication of On the Origin of Species.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Naval_Timber_and_Arboriculture

Patrick Matthew (1790 –  1874)