Plant sap analysis

Joel Williams

Maximum Entropy is a Foundation for Complexity Science

John Harte

 CÓMO GENERAR CRÉDITOS DE CARBONO

 The Hive Architect | Saving Britain's Wild Bees

 Myth of the Machine: Lewis Mumford

Farmer-led Research on Europe’s Full Productivity

This report presents the results of the first phase of European Alliance for Regenerative Agriculture (EARA) ongoing farmer-led research program, introducing a groundbreaking way to measure real-world agricultural success through the Regenerating Full Productivity (RFP) index. Developed with and for farmers, the RFP captures both agronomic and ecological performance in a single, practical tool.

Tested across 14 countries from 2021 to 2023, this first phase reveals compelling results:

• +33% higher full productivity on average, with gains up to 52.

• Stronger ecosystem performance, with over 25% more photosynthesis, 24% more soil cover, and 16% greater plant diversity.

• Yield parity with major input reduction: Regenerating farms achieved, on average, only a 2% lower yield (in kilocalories and protein), while using 61% less synthetic nitrogen fertiliser and 75% less pesticides and making 20% higher gross margin per hectare.

• Regional food sovereignty: While average EU farms import over 30% of livestock feed from outside the EU, pioneering farmers achieved similar yields using feed exclusively from Europe.

Full Report:

https://eara.farm/wp-content/uploads/EARA_Farmer-led-Research-on-Europes-Full-Productivity_2025_06_03.pdf

Impacts of climate change on global agriculture accounting for adaptation

Hultgren et al., 2025

Climate change threatens global food systems, but the extent to which adaptation will reduce losses remains unknown and controversial. Even within the well-studied context of US agriculture, some analyses argue that adaptation will be widespread and climate damages small, whereas others conclude that adaptation will be limited and losses severe. Scenario-based analyses indicate that adaptation should have notable consequences on global agricultural productivity, but there has been no systematic study of how extensively real-world producers actually adapt at the global scale. Here we empirically estimate the impact of global producer adaptations using longitudinal data on six staple crops spanning 12,658 regions, capturing two-thirds of global crop calories. We estimate that global production declines 5.5 × 1014 kcal annually per 1 °C global mean surface temperature (GMST) rise (120 kcal per person per day or 4.4% of recommended consumption per 1 °C; P < 0.001). We project that adaptation and income growth alleviate 23% of global losses in 2050 and 34% at the end of the century (6% and 12%, respectively; moderate-emissions scenario), but substantial residual losses remain for all staples except rice. In contrast to analyses of other outcomes that project the greatest damages to the global poor, we find that global impacts are dominated by losses to modern-day breadbaskets with favourable climates and limited present adaptation, although losses in low-income regions losses are also substantial. These results indicate a scale of innovation, cropland expansion or further adaptation that might be necessary to ensure food security in a changing climate.

a–f, Colours indicate central estimate in a high-emissions scenario (RCP 8.5), net of adaptation costs and benefits, for maize (a), soybean (b), rice (c), wheat (d), cassava (e) and sorghum (f) for 2089–2098. Projections computed for 24,378 subnational units relative to counterfactual yields, uncropped regions are shaded in grey. Wheat shows winter wheat and spring wheat projections combined, weighted by their area share in each region. Estimates in each location are ensemble means across climate and statistical uncertainty. Incomes from SSP3.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09085-w

The Tipping Points of Climate Change — and Where We Stand 

Johan Rockström

Les invasions biologiques 

Franck Courchamp

 Peter Singer: Animal suffering is human responsibility